LSN (IETF term) or CGN

http://chrisgrundemann.com/ - from Cablelab

http://www.nanog.org/meetings/nanog56/presentations/Wednesday/wed.general.howard.24.pdf

Total Cost of Ownership of Carrier-Grade NAT
Conclusion in short : magic number - $40 per user
if you can buy address from market (where?)
$0~40 ->> buy
$40~70 ->> CGN
>$70 ->> sell your IP(?) & CGN

difference from traditional NAT
- Transparency via  Endpoint-independent Mapping (EIM), Endpoint-independent Filtering (EIF), address pooling, hairpinning, and port preservation
- Fairness algorithm
- Stateful sync
- Log
- session capacity  - low overhead
- TCP connection setup rate - low overhead
- throughput via customized sw/hw combination

confusing terms
fixed NAT -predetermined - deterministic
it is not static NAT
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-donley-behave-deterministic-cgn-01

Almost cover everything
http://www.ietf.org/edu/documents/ietf78-nat-tutorial.pdf

another confusing but deprecated now
full cone NAT, (address) restricted cone NAT, port restricted cone NAT or symmetric NAT

Don't forget wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation